Jorge Cortés
Professor
Cymer Corporation Endowed Chair
Frequency regulation with heterogeneous energy
resources: a realization using distributed control
T. Anderson, M. Muralidharan, P. Srivastava,
H. Valizadeh Haghi, J. Cortés, J.
Kleissl, S. Martínez, B. Washom
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 12 (5) (2021), 4126-4136
Abstract
This paper presents one of the first real-life
demonstrations of coordinated and distributed resource
control for secondary frequency response in a power
distribution grid. A series of tests involved up to 69
heterogeneous active distributed energy resources
consisting of air handling units, unidirectional and
bidirectional electric vehicle charging stations, a
battery energy storage system, and 107 passive
distributed energy resources consisting of building
loads and solar photovoltaic systems. The distributed
control setup consists of a set of Raspberry Pi
end-points exchanging messages via an ethernet switch.
Actuation commands for the distributed energy resources
are obtained by solving a power allocation problem at
every regulation instant using distributed
ratio-consensus, primal-dual, and Newton-like
algorithms. The problem formulation minimizes the sum
of distributed energy resource costs while tracking the
aggregate set-point provided by the system operator. We
demonstrate accurate and fast real-time distributed
computation of the optimization solution and effective
tracking of the regulation signal over 40 min time
horizons. An economic benefit analysis confirms
eligibility to participate in an ancillary services
market and demonstrates up to $53k of potential annual
revenue for the selected population of distributed
energy resources.
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Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
University of California, San Diego
9500 Gilman Dr,
La Jolla, California, 92093-0411
Ph: 1-858-822-7930
Fax: 1-858-822-3107
cortes at ucsd.edu
Skype id:
jorgilliyo